Which statement is true about placental hypoperfusion associated with preeclampsia?

Placental hypoperfusion in the context of preeclampsia is indeed linked to chronic vascular insufficiencies. This occurs when there is inadequate blood flow to the placenta due to poor remodeling of the maternal spiral arteries, which usually expand to increase blood flow during pregnancy. When this remodeling is insufficient, it can lead to placental hypoperfusion, which is associated with the development of preeclampsia. Chronic vascular issues, such as pre-existing hypertension or other vascular conditions, can impede this remodeling, making option A accurate.

Other statements do not accurately reflect the relationship between placental hypoperfusion and preeclampsia. The notion that hypoperfusion is always present in mild cases is misleading, as hypoperfusion can vary in severity. Preeclampsia can also impact fetal growth, primarily due to inadequate blood and nutrient supply to the fetus caused by placental insufficiency. Lastly, normal maternal spiral artery remodeling is not indicated by placental hypoperfusion; rather, a lack of appropriate remodeling is a contributing factor to the reduced perfusion and subsequent complications associated with preeclampsia.